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The Benefits of Katuk Leaves
for Breast Milk, Is It Scientifically Proven?
For breastfeeding mothers in Indonesia and Southeast Asia, Katuk leaves (Sauropus androgynus) have long been a kitchen staple. Traditional wisdom suggests that this green leafy vegetable is a powerful "booster" for breast milk (ASI). However, in the era of modern medicine, an important question arises: Is this claim merely a myth, or does it have a solid scientific foundation?
The Nutritional Secret of Katuk Leaves
From a nutritional profile, Katuk is quite extraordinary. It contains essential macro and micronutrients for postpartum recovery, including:
- Protein and Fiber: Aids in the mother's physical recovery and digestive health.
- Vitamins A, C, and B Complex: Boosts the immune system and maintains energy levels.
- Minerals: Rich in calcium, iron, and phosphorus.
However, what makes it a specific "superfood" for lactation is not just its vitamins, but its high content of phytosterols and papaverine.
How Does Katuk Work According to Science?
In scientific terms, Katuk is categorized as a galactagogue—a substance that promotes or increases the flow of a mother's milk. Here is the mechanism behind it:
1. Stimulation of Prolactin Hormones
Research indicates that the phytosterol compounds in Katuk leaves can trigger an increase in prolactin levels. Prolactin is the primary hormone responsible for the synthesis of milk within the mammary glands.
2. The Role of Papaverine
Katuk contains papaverine, which has spasmolytic properties (relaxing smooth muscles). In the context of breastfeeding, this relaxation helps dilate blood vessels and improves circulation to the breast tissue, indirectly supporting the smooth flow of milk.
3. Increased Milk Volume
Several clinical studies in Indonesia have shown that groups of breastfeeding mothers who consume Katuk leaf extract experience a significant increase in milk volume (approximately 50-70%) compared to those who do not.
Important Note: Moderation is Key
While beneficial, science also provides a cautionary note. Katuk should be consumed in reasonable amounts (as a side dish) and must be thoroughly cooked.
- Avoid Raw Consumption: Raw Katuk leaves contain the alkaloid papaverine which, if consumed in excessive amounts over a long period, has been linked to lung issues (bronchiolitis obliterans).
- Nutritional Variety: High-quality breast milk does not depend on a single vegetable. It relies on overall balanced nutrition, adequate hydration, and the mother's stress management.
✓ Is it scientifically proven? The answer is Yes. Katuk leaves have a strong biochemical basis for supporting milk production through hormonal stimulation. However, it is not a "magic pill." The "supply and demand" principle—frequent breastfeeding or pumping—remains the most critical factor in successful lactation.
Data Sources & References:
- Indonesian Ministry of Health (Promkes): On the benefits of Katuk leaves as a natural lactation enhancer.
- Sulasmi, et al. (Journal of Physics: Conference Series): The Effect of Katuk Leaf Extract on Increasing ASI Production.
- Sa’roni, et al. (Health Research and Development Media): A clinical study on the effectiveness of Sauropus androgynus extract in breastfeeding mothers.
- World Health Organization (WHO): Guidelines on maternal nutrition and the use of local herbal galactagogues.
ManfaatSayuran